Appendix

A: Extra header examples

The example extra header structures below include additional white space and formatting for readability, which should not be used in an actual record.

FDSN reserved extra headers

A relatively simple example of reserved FDSN extra headers that contains a timing quality value and an event detection is:

{
  "FDSN": {
    "Time": {
      "Quality": 100,
      "Correction": 1.234
    },
    "Event": {
      "Begin": true,
      "End": true,
      "InProgress": true,
      "Detection": [
        {
          "Type": "MURDOCK",
          "SignalAmplitude": 80,
          "SignalPeriod": 0.4,
          "BackgroundEstimate": 18,
          "Wave": "DILATATION",
          "Units": "COUNTS",
          "OnsetTime": "2022-06-05T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "MEDSNR": [ 1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 0 ],
          "MEDLookback": 2,
          "MEDPickAlgorithm": 0,
          "Detector": "Z_SPWWSS"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

An example of the reserved FDSN headers defined by the FDSN is provided below. In this (pathalogical) illustration, all reserved fields are represented.

{
  "FDSN": {
    "Time": {
      "Quality": 100,
      "Correction": 1.234,
      "MaxEstimatedError": 1e-06,
      "LeapSecond": 1,
      "Exception": [
        {
          "Time": "2022-05-06T20:32:41.12Z",
          "VCOCorrection": 50.7812,
          "ReceptionQuality": 80,
          "Count": 23,
          "Type": "Valid Timemark",
          "ClockStatus": "SNR=48,51,51,50,50,48,46,48,48,45,45"
        },
        {
          "Time": "2022-05-06T20:32:42.185Z",
          "VCOCorrection": 44.1313,
          "ReceptionQuality": 55,
          "Count": 19690,
          "Type": "Missing timemarks",
          "ClockStatus": "SNR=50,48,46,48,48,45,45"
        }
      ]
    },
    "Event": {
      "Begin": true,
      "End": true,
      "InProgress": true,
      "Detection": [
        {
          "Type": "GENERIC",
          "SignalAmplitude": 80,
          "SignalPeriod": 0.4,
          "BackgroundEstimate": 18,
          "OnsetTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "Detector": "Dalek STA/LTA"
        },
        {
          "Type": "MURDOCK",
          "SignalAmplitude": 80,
          "SignalPeriod": 0.4,
          "BackgroundEstimate": 18,
          "Wave": "DILATATION",
          "Units": "COUNTS",
          "OnsetTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.185000Z",
          "MEDSNR": [ 1, 3, 2, 1, 4, 0 ],
          "MEDLookback": 2,
          "MEDPickAlgorithm": 0,
          "Detector": "Z_SPWWSS"
        }
      ]
    },
    "Calibration": {
      "Sequence": [
        {
          "Type": "Step",
          "BeginTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "Steps": 12,
          "StepFirstPulsePositive": true,
          "StepAlternateSign": true,
          "Trigger": "AUTOMATIC",
          "Continued": false,
          "Amplitude": 1345,
          "InputUnits": "COUNTS",
          "Duration": 603.456,
          "SinePeriod": 5.0,
          "StepBetween": 500.0,
          "InputChannel": "CAL",
          "ReferenceAmplitude": 45.8,
          "Coupling": "RESISTIVE",
          "Rolloff": "Description of rolloff"
        },
        {
          "Type": "Step",
          "EndTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z"
        },
        {
          "Type": "Sine",
          "BeginTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "EndTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "Trigger": "MANUAL",
          "Continued": true,
          "Amplitude": 1345,
          "InputUnits": "COUNTS",
          "AmplitudeRange": "PEAKTOPEAK",
          "SinePeriod": 5.0,
          "InputChannel": "CAL",
          "ReferenceAmplitude": 45.8,
          "Coupling": "RESISTIVE",
          "Rolloff": "Description of rolloff"
        },
        {
          "Type": "PseudoRandom",
          "BeginTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "EndTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "Trigger": "MANUAL",
          "Amplitude": 0.0001,
          "InputUnits": "M/S",
          "Duration": 300,
          "InputChannel": "CAL",
          "ReferenceAmplitude": 45.8,
          "Coupling": "CAPACITIVE",
          "Rolloff": "Very randomly",
          "Noise": "White"
        },
        {
          "Type": "Generic",
          "BeginTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "EndTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "Trigger": "MANUAL",
          "Amplitude": 1345,
          "Duration": 100
        }
      ]
    },
    "Recenter": {
      "Sequence": [
        {
          "Type": "Gimbal",
          "BeginTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "EndTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:39.120000Z",
          "Trigger": "AUTOMATIC"
        },
        {
          "BeginTime": "2022-05-06T20:32:40.120000Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    "Flags": {
      "MassPositionOffscale": true,
      "AmplifierSaturation": true,
      "DigitizerClipping": true,
      "Spikes": true,
      "Glitches": true,
      "FilterCharging": true,
      "StationVolumeParityError": true,
      "LongRecordRead": true,
      "ShortRecordRead": true,
      "StartOfTimeSeries": true,
      "EndOfTimeSeries": true,
      "MissingData": true,
      "TelemetrySyncError": true
    },
    "Logger": {
      "Model": "DM24",
      "Serial": "A4567"
    },
    "Sensor": {
      "Model": "T240",
      "Serial": "123123"
    },
    "Clock": {
      "Model": "P273T11N16",
      "Serial": "24A00000"
    },
    "ProvenanceURI": "prov:sp001_wf_f84fb9a",
    "DataQuality": "D",
    "Sequence": 123456
  }
}

Non-FDSN extra headers

An example of reserved FDSN headers combined with other top-level headers, illustrating how custom headers may be added.

{
  "FDSN": {
    "Time": {
      "Quality": 90
    }
  },
  "Manufacturer123": {
    "Metadata": {
      "FilamentCurrent": 16.4,
      "HyperCoordinates": "1.1789:965402:73324@3.14159"
    }
  },
  "OperatorXYZ": {
    "DSP": {
      "PeakRMS": 2067,
      "RMSWindow": 10.5
    }
  }
}

B: Reference data

The reference data set is intended as an illustration of properly constructed miniSEED 3 and to be used by software implementors during development and testing.

The set contains multiple examples of data records illustrating different characteristics and data encodings of the from. Each example is available in miniSEED 3, JSON, and human-readable text representations.

The whole data set may be downloaded from documentation repository.

All time series in the reference set that contain series are the same expanding sinusoid signal.

#	Description	Download
1	Text payload	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
2	Event detection headers only, no data payload	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
3	Sinusoid series encoded as 16-bit integers	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
4	Sinusoid series encoded as 32-bit integers	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
5	Sinusoid series encoded as 32-bit IEEE float	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
6	Sinusoid series encoded as 64-bit IEEE float	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
7	Sinusoid series encoded as Steim-1 compressed integers	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
8	Sinusoid series encoded as Steim-2 compressed integers	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
9	Series with time quality, correction, event detections headers	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
10	Series with some FDSN and non-FDSN extra headers	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`
11	Series with all FDSN extra headers (unrealistic)	`mseed3` `JSON` `Text`

C: Mapping from miniSEED 2.4

The following list of miniSEED 2.4 format structures specifies the mapping of all fields to this specification. In this listing the following abbreviations are used:

EH: Extra Header (of this specification), with path
SID: Source Identifier (of this specification)
FSDH: Fixed Section Data Header (in either specification)

miniSEED 2.4 Fixed Section Data Header (FSDH)

Field

Description

This specification

1

Sequence number

EH: FDSN.Sequence

2

Data header/quality indicator

EH: FDSN.DataQuality

A data center may choose to

translate miniSEED 2.4 quality

values to publication versions

with the following mapping:

2.4 quality

Pub. version

R

1

D

2

Q

3

M

4

3

Reserved byte

[no mapping]

4

Station identifier code

Incorporated into SID, FSDH field 13

5

Location identifier

Incorporated into SID, FSDH field 13

6

Channel identifier

Incorporated into SID, FSDH field 13

7

Network code

Incorporated into SID, FSDH field 13

8

Record start time

FSDH field 4

9

Number of samples

FSDH field 7

10

Sample rate factor

Incorporated into FSDH field 6

11

Sample rate multiplier

Incorporated into FSDH field 6

12

Activity flags:: 0 = calibration signals

1 = time correction applied

2 = begining of event

3 = end of event

4 = + leap second included

5 = - leap second included

6 = event in progress

FSDH and Extra headers:: FSDH field 3, bit 0

[no mapping]

FDSN.Event.Begin

FDSN.Event.End

FDSN.Time.LeapSecond

FDSN.Time.LeapSecond

FDSN.Event.InProgress

13

I/O flags, bits:: 0 = Sta. volume parity error

1 = Long record read

2 = Short record read

3 = Start of time series

4 = End of time series

5 = Clock locked

FSDH and Extra headers:: FDSN.Flags.StationVolumeParityError

FDSN.Flags.LongRecordRead

FDSN.Flags.ShortRecordRead

FDSN.Flags.StartOfTimeSeries

FDSN.Flags.EndOfTimeSeries

FSDH field 3, bit 2

14

Data quality flags, bits:: 0 = Amp. saturation detected

1 = Dig. clipping detected

2 = Spikes detected

3 = Glitches detected

4 = Missing/padded data

5 = Telemetry synch. error

6 = Digital filter charging

7 = Time tag questionable

FSDH and Extra headers:: FDSN.Flags.AmplifierSaturation

FDSN.Flags.DigitizerClipping

FDSN.Flags.Spikes

FDSN.Flags.Glitches

FDSN.Flags.MissingData

FDSN.Flags.TelemetrySyncError

FDSN.Flags.FilterCharging

FSDH field 3, bit 1

15

Number of blockettes that follow

[no mapping]

16

Time correction

EH: FDSN.Time.Correction

17

Beginning of data

[no mapping]

18

First blockette

[no mapping]

Blockette 100 (Sample Rate)

Field	Description	This specification
3	Actual sample rate	FSDH field 6
4	Flags (undefined)	[no mapping]
4	Reserved byte	[no mapping]

Blockette 200 (Generic Event Detection)

Field	Description	This specification
3	Signal amplitude	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.SignalAmplitude
4	Signal period	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.SignalPeriod
5	Background estimate	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.BackgroundEstimate
6	Event detection flag bits: 0 = dil./comp. wave 1 = units	Extra headers: FDSN.Event.Detection.Wave FDSN.Event.Detection.Units
7	Reserved byte	[no mapping]
8	Signal onset time	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.OnsetTime
9	Detector name	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.Detector

Blockette 201 (Murdock Event Detection)

Field	Description	This specification
3	Signal amplitude	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.SignalAmplitude
4	Signal period	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.SignalPeriod
5	Background estimate	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.BackgroundEstimate
6	Event detection flag bits: 0 = dil./comp. wave	Extra headers: FDSN.Event.Detection.Wave
7	Reserved byte	[no mapping]
8	Signal onset time	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.OnsetTime
9	Signal-to-noise values	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.MEDSNR (array)
10	Lookback value	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.MEDLookback
11	Pick algorithm	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.MEDPickAlgorithm
12	Detector name	EH: FDSN.Event.Detection.Detector

Blockette 300 (Step Calibration)

Field	Description	This specification
3	Start calib	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Begintime
4	Num of calibs	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Steps
5	Calibration flags: 0 = first pulse 1 = cal alt sign 2 = cal auto 3 = cal cont	Extra headers: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.StepFirstPulsePositive FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.StepAlternateSign FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Trigger FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Continued
6	Duration of step	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Duration
7	Time between steps	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.StepBetween
8	Amp. of cal. signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Amplitude
9	Channel cal. signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.InputChannel
10	Reserved byte	[no mapping]
11	Reference amplitude	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.ReferenceAmplitude
12	Coupling of signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Coupling
13	Rolloff of filters	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Rolloff

Blockette 310 (Sine Calibration)

Field	Description	This specification
3	Start calib	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Begintime
4	Reserved byte	[no mapping]
5	Calibration flags: 2 = cal auto 3 = cal cont 4 = PtoP amp 5 = ZtoP amp 6 = RMS amp	Extra headers: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Trigger FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Continued FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.AmplitudeRange FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.AmplitudeRange FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.AmplitudeRange
6	Duration of cal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Duration
7	Period of signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Period
8	Amp. of cal. signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Amplitude
9	Channel cal. signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.InputChannel
10	Reserved byte	[no mapping]
11	Reference amplitude	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.ReferenceAmplitude
12	Coupling of signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Coupling
13	Rolloff of filters	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Rolloff

Blockette 320 (Pseudo-random Calibration)

Field	Description	This specification
3	Start calib	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Begintime
10	Reserved byte	[no mapping]
5	Calibration flags: 2 = cal auto 3 = cal cont 4 = Random amps	Extra headers: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Trigger FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Continued FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.AmplitudeRange
6	Duration of cal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Duration
7	PtoP amp. of steps	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Amplitude
8	Channel cal. signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.InputChannel
9	Reserved byte	[no mapping]
10	Reference amplitude	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.ReferenceAmplitude
11	Coupling of signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Coupling
12	Rolloff of filters	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Rolloff
13	Noise type	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Noise

Blockette 390 (Generic Calibration)

Field	Description	This specification
3	Start calib	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Begintime
10	Reserved byte	[no mapping]
5	Calibration flags: 2 = cal auto 3 = cal cont	Extra headers: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Trigger FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Continued
6	Duration of cal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Duration
7	Amplitude of signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Amplitude
8	Channel cal. signal	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.InputChannel
9	Reserved byte	[no mapping]

Blockette 395 (Calibration Abort)

Field	Description	This specification
3	End calib	EH: FDSN.Calibration.Sequence.Endtime
10	Reserved byte	[no mapping]

Blockette 400 (Beam), Blockette 405 (Beam Delay)

No mapping for these blockettes

Blockette 500 (Timing)

Field	Description	This specification
3	VCO correction	EH: FDSN.Time.Exception.VCOCorrection
4	Time of exception	EH: FDSN.Time.Exception.Time
5	Microsecond offset	[included in record start time]
6	Reception quality	EH: FDSN.Time.Exception.ReceptionQuality
7	Exception count	EH: FDSN.Time.Exception.Count
8	Exception type	EH: FDSN.Time.Exception.Type
9	Clock model	EH: FDSN.Clock.Model
10	Clock status	EH: FDSN.Time.Exception.ClockStatus

Blockette 1000 (Data Only SEED)

Field	Description	This specification
3	Encoding format	FSDH field 5
4	Word order	[no mapping, no longer needed]
5	Data record length	[no mapping, no longer needed]
6	Reserved byte	[no mapping]

Blockette 1001 (Data Extension)

Field	Description	This specification
3	Timing quality	EH: FDSN.Time.Quality
4	Microsecond offset	Incorporated into FSDH field 4
5	Reserved byte	[no mapping]
6	Frame count	[no mapping]

Blockette 2000 (Variable Length Opaque)

No mapping for this blockette. The opaque data encoding may be used to specify an opaque payload for nearly equivalent functionality.

Unsupported miniSEED 2.4 content

The following defined information in miniSEED 2.4 cannot be represented in this specification:

Clock model specification per timing exception. Current specification only allows a single clock model specification per record.
Blockettes 400 (Beam) & 405 (Beam Delay)
Blockette 2000 (Opaque Data)